See daru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
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"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "der"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deire"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"Late Middle English",
"possibly derived from deren < Proto-West Germanic *darjan"
],
"word": "derre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*darō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *darō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tara"
},
"expansion": "Old High German tara",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "deer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch deer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *darō. Cognate with Old High German tara and Dutch deer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "daru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "darum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "daro",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "daru f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dar",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "daru",
"2": "dara,dare",
"3": "dare",
"4": "dara,dare",
"5": "dare",
"6": "dara",
"7": "dare",
"8": "darum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The seed that fell by the way perished to a double injury, when the wayfarer tread upon it and when the birds carried it away.",
"text": "Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\nÞæt sǣd þe fēoll bē ðām weġe mid twyfealdre dare losode, ðāðā weġferende hit fortrǣdon, and fugelas tōbǣron.",
"translation": "The seed that fell by the way perished to a double injury, when the wayfarer tread upon it and when the birds carried it away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"english": "at his expense (lit. to his harm)",
"text": "him tō dare",
"translation": "at his expense (lit. to his harm)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"injury; hurt, harm, damage"
],
"id": "en-daru-ang-noun-OE5vCcRm",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to injure, hurt",
"translation": "to injure, hurt",
"word": "derian"
},
{
"english": "dart, javelin",
"translation": "dart, javelin",
"word": "daroþ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sceaþa"
},
{
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"word": "lyre"
},
{
"word": "forwyrd"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑ.ru/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑ.ru"
}
],
"word": "daru"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "der"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "deire"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "dere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "deare"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "dere"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "deir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain",
"Late Middle English",
"possibly derived from deren < Proto-West Germanic *darjan"
],
"word": "derre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*darō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *darō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tara"
},
"expansion": "Old High German tara",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "deer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch deer",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *darō. Cognate with Old High German tara and Dutch deer.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-o-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "daru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "darum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "daro",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "daru f",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dar",
"short": "1"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-o-f"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "daru",
"2": "dara,dare",
"3": "dare",
"4": "dara,dare",
"5": "dare",
"6": "dara",
"7": "dare",
"8": "darum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong ō-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to injure, hurt",
"translation": "to injure, hurt",
"word": "derian"
},
{
"english": "dart, javelin",
"translation": "dart, javelin",
"word": "daroþ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰerh₃-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples",
"Old English ō-stem nouns",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/ɑ.ru",
"Rhymes:Old English/ɑ.ru/2 syllables"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The seed that fell by the way perished to a double injury, when the wayfarer tread upon it and when the birds carried it away.",
"text": "Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\nÞæt sǣd þe fēoll bē ðām weġe mid twyfealdre dare losode, ðāðā weġferende hit fortrǣdon, and fugelas tōbǣron.",
"translation": "The seed that fell by the way perished to a double injury, when the wayfarer tread upon it and when the birds carried it away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
28,
32
]
],
"english": "at his expense (lit. to his harm)",
"text": "him tō dare",
"translation": "at his expense (lit. to his harm)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"injury; hurt, harm, damage"
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sceaþa"
},
{
"word": "hearm"
},
{
"word": "lyre"
},
{
"word": "forwyrd"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdɑ.ru/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑ.ru"
}
],
"word": "daru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for daru meaning in Old English (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.